Restaurant owner’s dictionary

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Maja Jankowska

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A quick-reference guide to key terms, tools, and lingo used in the restaurant industry.

This glossary will help you understand common terms, streamline operations, and communicate more effectively with staff, vendors, and customers—whether you’re opening your first restaurant or improving an already-existing one.

1. Operations & management

  • Front of House (FOH): The area of the restaurant where customers are served (e.g., dining room, reception).
  • Back of House (BOH): Areas behind the scenes, such as kitchen, storage, and staff areas.
  • POS System (Point of Sale): Software and hardware used to manage transactions, print receipts, and track sales.
  • Inventory Management: System for tracking food and supply stock levels, usage, and ordering.
  • Table Turnover: The number of times a table is occupied and vacated during a service period.
  • Cover: A single customer served; often used to measure revenue potential (e.g., “We did 80 covers tonight.”).
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2. Staffing & HR

  • Host/Hostess: Greets and seats guests.
  • Server/Waitstaff: Takes orders, serves food and drinks.
  • Busser: Assists waitstaff by clearing tables and resetting them.
  • Chef de Cuisine (Executive Chef): Head of the kitchen, responsible for menu and operations.
  • Line Cook: Prepares food at a specific station (e.g., grill, sauté).
  • Kitchen Porter/Dishwasher: Cleans dishes and kitchen tools.

3. Menu & service

  • Prix Fixe Menu: A set menu with fixed price for a number of courses.
  • À la Carte: Menu items priced and ordered separately.
  • Upselling: Encouraging customers to purchase additional or premium items.
  • Food Cost Percentage: Ratio of ingredient costs to menu price; used to assess profitability.
  • Specials: Limited-time dishes used to highlight creativity or use surplus ingredients.

4. Technology & tools

  • Restaurant Booking System: Software to manage bookings (e.g., resOS).
  • RMS (Restaurant Management System): Integrated tools for reservations, orders, payments, and reports.
  • Kitchen Display System (KDS): Digital screen replacing printed order tickets in the kitchen.
  • QR Menu: Digital menu accessible via QR code scan.
  • RwG (Reserve with Google): Integration allowing customers to book directly through Google.

5. Customer service & experience

  • Guest Recovery: Actions taken to resolve a guest complaint or poor experience.
  • Loyalty Program: Incentives to encourage repeat visits (e.g., points, discounts).
  • No-Show: When a guest does not honour a reservation without cancelling.
  • Walk-In: Guests who arrive without a reservation.

6. Marketing & revenue

  • Average Check (Per Cover): The average amount spent per guest.
  • Turnover Rate (Staff): Frequency at which staff leave and are replaced.
  • SEO (Search Engine Optimization): Improving online visibility of your restaurant.
  • ROI (Return on Investment): Revenue gained versus money invested, e.g., on ads or software.

7. Compliance & safety

  • HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point): Safety protocol for food prep and storage.
  • Food Handler’s Certificate: Certification required to work in food prep/handling roles.
  • Licensing: Required permits for food service, alcohol sales, health compliance, etc.
  • Allergen Labelling: Identifying allergens (nuts, gluten, dairy, etc.) on menus.

A

À la carte

A menu style where each item is priced separately.

Average Check (Avg. Check)

The average amount spent per guest during a meal.

B

Back of House (BOH)

The area of the restaurant not visible to guests, like the kitchen and storage.

Bar POS

A point-of-sale system tailored for bar operations, often including quick tab creation and liquor tracking.

Booking System

Software used to manage reservations and walk-ins efficiently.

Bev nap

Small napkin placed under beverages.

Blue plate special

A daily low-priced meal offering.

Busser

Staff member who clears and resets tables.

C

Campers

Guests who linger at their table after finishing their meal.

Chef de partie

Station chef responsible for a specific area of production.

Comp

Complimentary item given to a guest.

Cover

A single guest served in a restaurant. “100 covers” means 100 diners.

Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)

The total cost of ingredients and inventory used to make dishes sold.

Curbside pickup

Service allowing customers to collect orders without entering the restaurant.

D

Dead plate

A dish that cannot be served due to errors or delays.

Deuce

A table set for two guests.

Dine and dash

When a customer leaves without paying.

Double seating

Turning a table over twice during a service period.

Drop

To start cooking a dish.

Dupe

Duplicate ticket or order slip.

E

Early bird special

Discounted meals offered during early dining hours.

Eight-six (86)

Indicates an item is no longer available.

Expeditor (Expo)

Staff member who ensures orders are prepared and delivered promptly.

Entremetier

Chef responsible for vegetables, soups, and starches.

F

Family meal

Meal prepared for and shared by the restaurant staff.

FIFO

Inventory method: First In, First Out.

Fire

Command to start cooking a dish.

Flash

Quickly heating food before serving.

FOH (Front of House)

Areas visible to guests, including dining and bar areas.

Food runner

Staff member who delivers dishes from the kitchen to tables.

G

Garde manger

Chef responsible for cold dishes like salads and charcuterie.

Ghost kitchen

Delivery-only kitchen without a dine-in facility.

Grillardin

Chef specializing in grilled items.

Gueridon service

Tableside food preparation and service.

H

Happy hour

Promotional period with discounted food and drinks.

High-top

Tall table, often used in bar areas.

Hockey puck

Slang for an overcooked burger patty.

Host/Hostess

Staff member who greets and seats guests

I

In the weeds

Overwhelmed with tasks during service.

Inventory management

Tracking and controlling stock levels.

Iron chef

Slang for a highly skilled chef.

J

Jockey box

Portable cooler used to dispense draft beer.

K

KDS (Kitchen Display System)

Digital screen displaying orders in the kitchen.

Kill it

Cooking meat well-done.

L

Line Cook

Chef responsible for a specific station on the line.

Loyalty program

System rewarding repeat customers.

M

Maître d’

Head of restaurant staff, overseeing service.

Mise en place

Preparation and organization of ingredients before cooking.

Monkey dish

Small bowl used for sauces or side items.

N

No-call

Employee absence without notification.

No-Show

A guest who books a table and fails to arrive without cancelling.

Nuke it

Informal term used to describe quickly reheating food in a microwave.

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O

Omakase

Japanese dining style, where the chef selects the dishes.

On the Fly

Urgent request for a dish to be prepared quickly.

Open table time

Available reservation slots.

P

Par level

Standard inventory quantity to be maintained.

Pâtissier

Pastry chef.

Pick up

Command for servers to collect prepared dishes.

POS (Point of Sale)

System for processing sales transactions.

Pre-fixe menu

Set menu with fixed courses and price.

Q

Quick service restaurant (QSR)

Fast-food establishment with limited table service.

R

Ramekin

Small dish used for sauces or desserts.

Reserve with Google

Feature allowing reservations via Google platforms.

Rôtisseur

Chef specializing in roasted and braised meats.

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S

Saucier

Chef responsible for sauces and sautéed items.

Service charge

Automatic fee added to a bill, often in lieu of tipping.

Signature dish

A chef’s or restaurant’s hallmark dish.

T

Table turnover

How many times a table is used in a service period.

Turnover Rate (Staff)

Rate at which employees leave and are replaced.

U

Upselling

How many times a table is used in a service period.

V

Void

Cancelling a transaction or item from a bill in the POS system before finalizing payment.

Vegetarian/Vegan Friendly

Terms used to designate menu items or restaurants that cater to plant-based diets. “V” symbols are often used on menus.

W

Walk-In

A guest who arrives without a reservation.

Waitlist

A system to manage guests waiting for a table when the restaurant is at capacity